Camera#

Qualified name: manim.camera.camera.Camera

class Camera(background_image=None, frame_center=array([0., 0., 0.]), image_mode='RGBA', n_channels=4, pixel_array_dtype='uint8', cairo_line_width_multiple=0.01, use_z_index=True, background=None, pixel_height=None, pixel_width=None, frame_height=None, frame_width=None, frame_rate=None, **kwargs)[source]#

Bases: object

Base camera class.

This is the object which takes care of what exactly is displayed on screen at any given moment.

Parameters

background_image (str | None) – The path to an image that should be the background image. If not set, the background is filled with self.background_color
background (np.ndarray | None) – What background is set to. By default, None.
pixel_height (int | None) – The height of the scene in pixels.
pixel_width (int | None) – The width of the scene in pixels.
kwargs – Additional arguments (background_color, background_opacity) to be set.
frame_center (np.ndarray) –
image_mode (str) –
n_channels (int) –
pixel_array_dtype (str) –
cairo_line_width_multiple (float) –
use_z_index (bool) –
frame_height (float | None) –
frame_width (float | None) –
frame_rate (float | None) –

Methods

`adjust_out_of_range_points`	If any of the points in the passed array are out of the viable range, they are adjusted suitably.
`adjusted_thickness`	param thickness
`apply_fill`	Fills the cairo context
`apply_stroke`	Applies a stroke to the VMobject in the cairo context.
`cache_cairo_context`	Caches the passed Pixel array into a Cairo Context
`capture_mobject`	Capture mobjects by storing it in `pixel_array`.
`capture_mobjects`	Capture mobjects by printing them on `pixel_array`.
`convert_pixel_array`	Converts a pixel array from values that have floats in then to proper RGB values.
`display_image_mobject`	Displays an ImageMobject by changing the pixel_array suitably.
`display_multiple_background_colored_vmobjects`	Displays multiple vmobjects that have the same color as the background.
`display_multiple_image_mobjects`	Displays multiple image mobjects by modifying the passed pixel_array.
`display_multiple_non_background_colored_vmobjects`	Displays multiple VMobjects in the cairo context, as long as they don't have background colors.
`display_multiple_point_cloud_mobjects`	Displays multiple PMobjects by modifying the passed pixel array.
`display_multiple_vectorized_mobjects`	Displays multiple VMobjects in the pixel_array
`display_point_cloud`	Displays a PMobject by modifying the Pixel array suitably.
`display_vectorized`	Displays a VMobject in the cairo context
`get_background_colored_vmobject_displayer`	Returns the background_colored_vmobject_displayer if it exists or makes one and returns it if not.
`get_cached_cairo_context`	Returns the cached cairo context of the passed pixel array if it exists, and None if it doesn't.
`get_cairo_context`	Returns the cairo context for a pixel array after caching it to self.pixel_array_to_cairo_context If that array has already been cached, it returns the cached version instead.
`get_coords_of_all_pixels`	Returns the cartesian coordinates of each pixel.
`get_fill_rgbas`	Returns the RGBA array of the fill of the passed VMobject
`get_image`	Returns an image from the passed pixel array, or from the current frame if the passed pixel array is none.
`get_mobjects_to_display`	Used to get the list of mobjects to display with the camera.
`get_stroke_rgbas`	Gets the RGBA array for the stroke of the passed VMobject.
`get_thickening_nudges`	param thickness
`init_background`	Initialize the background.
`is_in_frame`	Checks whether the passed mobject is in frame or not.
`make_background_from_func`	Makes a pixel array for the background by using coords_to_colors_func to determine each pixel's color.
`on_screen_pixels`	Returns array of pixels that are on the screen from a given array of pixel_coordinates
`overlay_PIL_image`	Overlays a PIL image on the passed pixel array.
`overlay_rgba_array`	Overlays an RGBA array on top of the given Pixel array.
`points_to_pixel_coords`
`reset`	Resets the camera's pixel array to that of the background
`reset_pixel_shape`	This method resets the height and width of a single pixel to the passed new_height and new_width.
`resize_frame_shape`	Changes frame_shape to match the aspect ratio of the pixels, where fixed_dimension determines whether frame_height or frame_width remains fixed while the other changes accordingly.
`set_background`	Sets the background to the passed pixel_array after converting to valid RGB values.
`set_background_from_func`	Sets the background to a pixel array using coords_to_colors_func to determine each pixel's color.
`set_cairo_context_color`	Sets the color of the cairo context
`set_cairo_context_path`	Sets a path for the cairo context with the vmobject passed
`set_frame_to_background`
`set_pixel_array`	Sets the pixel array of the camera to the passed pixel array.
`thickened_coordinates`	Returns thickened coordinates for a passed array of pixel coords and a thickness to thicken by.
`transform_points_pre_display`
`type_or_raise`	Return the type of mobject, if it is a type that can be rendered.

Attributes

`background_color`
`background_opacity`

adjust_out_of_range_points(points)[source]#

If any of the points in the passed array are out of the viable range, they are adjusted suitably.

Parameters: points (ndarray) – The points to adjust
Returns: The adjusted points.
Return type: np.array

adjusted_thickness(thickness)[source]#

Parameters: thickness (float) –
Return type: float

apply_fill(ctx, vmobject)[source]#

Fills the cairo context

Parameters

ctx (Context) – The cairo context
vmobject (VMobject) – The VMobject

Returns

The camera object.

Return type

Camera

apply_stroke(ctx, vmobject, background=False)[source]#

Applies a stroke to the VMobject in the cairo context.

Parameters

ctx (Context) – The cairo context
vmobject (VMobject) – The VMobject
background (bool) – Whether or not to consider the background when applying this stroke width, by default False

Returns

The camera object with the stroke applied.

Return type

Camera

cache_cairo_context(pixel_array, ctx)[source]#

Caches the passed Pixel array into a Cairo Context

Parameters

pixel_array (ndarray) – The pixel array to cache
ctx (Context) – The context to cache it into.

capture_mobject(mobject, **kwargs)[source]#

Capture mobjects by storing it in pixel_array.

This is a single-mobject version of capture_mobjects().

Parameters

mobject (Mobject) – Mobject to capture.
kwargs (Any) – Keyword arguments to be passed to get_mobjects_to_display().

capture_mobjects(mobjects, **kwargs)[source]#

Capture mobjects by printing them on pixel_array.

This is the essential function that converts the contents of a Scene into an array, which is then converted to an image or video.

Parameters

mobjects (Iterable[Mobject]) – Mobjects to capture.
kwargs – Keyword arguments to be passed to get_mobjects_to_display().

Notes

For a list of classes that can currently be rendered, see display_funcs().

convert_pixel_array(pixel_array, convert_from_floats=False)[source]#

Converts a pixel array from values that have floats in then to proper RGB values.

Parameters

pixel_array (np.ndarray | list | tuple) – Pixel array to convert.
convert_from_floats (bool) – Whether or not to convert float values to ints, by default False

Returns

The new, converted pixel array.

Return type

np.array

display_image_mobject(image_mobject, pixel_array)[source]#

Displays an ImageMobject by changing the pixel_array suitably.

Parameters

image_mobject (AbstractImageMobject) – The imageMobject to display
pixel_array (ndarray) – The Pixel array to put the imagemobject in.

display_multiple_background_colored_vmobjects(cvmobjects, pixel_array)[source]#

Displays multiple vmobjects that have the same color as the background.

Parameters

cvmobjects (list) – List of Colored VMobjects
pixel_array (ndarray) – The pixel array.

Returns

The camera object.

Return type

Camera

display_multiple_image_mobjects(image_mobjects, pixel_array)[source]#

Displays multiple image mobjects by modifying the passed pixel_array.

Parameters

image_mobjects (list) – list of ImageMobjects
pixel_array (ndarray) – The pixel array to modify.

display_multiple_non_background_colored_vmobjects(vmobjects, pixel_array)[source]#

Displays multiple VMobjects in the cairo context, as long as they don’t have background colors.

Parameters

vmobjects (list) – list of the VMobjects
pixel_array (ndarray) – The Pixel array to add the VMobjects to.

display_multiple_point_cloud_mobjects(pmobjects, pixel_array)[source]#

Displays multiple PMobjects by modifying the passed pixel array.

Parameters

pmobjects (list) – List of PMobjects
pixel_array (ndarray) – The pixel array to modify.

display_multiple_vectorized_mobjects(vmobjects, pixel_array)[source]#

Displays multiple VMobjects in the pixel_array

Parameters

vmobjects (list) – list of VMobjects to display
pixel_array (ndarray) – The pixel array

display_point_cloud(pmobject, points, rgbas, thickness, pixel_array)[source]#

Displays a PMobject by modifying the Pixel array suitably.. TODO: Write a description for the rgbas argument. :param pmobject: Point Cloud Mobject :param points: The points to display in the point cloud mobject :param rgbas: :param thickness: The thickness of each point of the PMobject :param pixel_array: The pixel array to modify.

Parameters

pmobject (PMobject) –
points (list) –
rgbas (ndarray) –
thickness (float) –
pixel_array (ndarray) –

display_vectorized(vmobject, ctx)[source]#

Displays a VMobject in the cairo context

Parameters

vmobject (VMobject) – The Vectorized Mobject to display
ctx (Context) – The cairo context to use.

Returns

The camera object

Return type

Camera

get_background_colored_vmobject_displayer()[source]#

Returns the background_colored_vmobject_displayer if it exists or makes one and returns it if not.

Returns: Object that displays VMobjects that have the same color as the background.
Return type: BackGroundColoredVMobjectDisplayer

get_cached_cairo_context(pixel_array)[source]#

Returns the cached cairo context of the passed pixel array if it exists, and None if it doesn’t.

Parameters: pixel_array (ndarray) – The pixel array to check.
Returns: The cached cairo context.
Return type: cairo.Context

get_cairo_context(pixel_array)[source]#

Returns the cairo context for a pixel array after caching it to self.pixel_array_to_cairo_context If that array has already been cached, it returns the cached version instead.

Parameters: pixel_array (ndarray) – The Pixel array to get the cairo context of.
Returns: The cairo context of the pixel array.
Return type: cairo.Context

get_coords_of_all_pixels()[source]#

Returns the cartesian coordinates of each pixel.

Returns: The array of cartesian coordinates.
Return type: np.ndarray

get_fill_rgbas(vmobject)[source]#

Returns the RGBA array of the fill of the passed VMobject

Parameters: vmobject (VMobject) – The VMobject
Returns: The RGBA Array of the fill of the VMobject
Return type: np.array

get_image(pixel_array=None)[source]#

Returns an image from the passed pixel array, or from the current frame if the passed pixel array is none.

Parameters: pixel_array (np.ndarray | list | tuple | None) – The pixel array from which to get an image, by default None
Returns: The PIL image of the array.
Return type: PIL.Image

get_mobjects_to_display(mobjects, include_submobjects=True, excluded_mobjects=None)[source]#

Used to get the list of mobjects to display with the camera.

Parameters

mobjects (Iterable[Mobject]) – The Mobjects
include_submobjects (bool) – Whether or not to include the submobjects of mobjects, by default True
excluded_mobjects (list | None) – Any mobjects to exclude, by default None

Returns

list of mobjects

Return type

list

get_stroke_rgbas(vmobject, background=False)[source]#

Gets the RGBA array for the stroke of the passed VMobject.

Parameters

vmobject (VMobject) – The VMobject
background (bool) – Whether or not to consider the background when getting the stroke RGBAs, by default False

Returns

The RGBA array of the stroke.

Return type

np.ndarray

get_thickening_nudges(thickness)[source]#

Parameters: thickness (float) –
Return type: np.array

init_background()[source]#: Initialize the background. If self.background_image is the path of an image the image is set as background; else, the default background color fills the background.

is_in_frame(mobject)[source]#

Checks whether the passed mobject is in frame or not.

Parameters: mobject (Mobject) – The mobject for which the checking needs to be done.
Returns: True if in frame, False otherwise.
Return type: bool

make_background_from_func(coords_to_colors_func)[source]#

Makes a pixel array for the background by using coords_to_colors_func to determine each pixel’s color. Each input pixel’s color. Each input to coords_to_colors_func is an (x, y) pair in space (in ordinary space coordinates; not pixel coordinates), and each output is expected to be an RGBA array of 4 floats.

Parameters: coords_to_colors_func (Callable[[ndarray], ndarray]) – The function whose input is an (x,y) pair of coordinates and whose return values must be the colors for that point
Returns: The pixel array which can then be passed to set_background.
Return type: np.array

on_screen_pixels(pixel_coords)[source]#

Returns array of pixels that are on the screen from a given array of pixel_coordinates

Parameters: pixel_coords (ndarray) – The pixel coords to check.
Returns: The pixel coords on screen.
Return type: np.array

overlay_PIL_image(pixel_array, image)[source]#

Overlays a PIL image on the passed pixel array.

Parameters

pixel_array (np.ndarray) – The Pixel array
image (Image) – The Image to overlay.

overlay_rgba_array(pixel_array, new_array)[source]#

Overlays an RGBA array on top of the given Pixel array.

Parameters

pixel_array (ndarray) – The original pixel array to modify.
new_array (ndarray) – The new pixel array to overlay.

reset()[source]#

Resets the camera’s pixel array to that of the background

Returns: The camera object after setting the pixel array.
Return type: Camera

reset_pixel_shape(new_height, new_width)[source]#

This method resets the height and width of a single pixel to the passed new_height and new_width.

Parameters

new_height (float) – The new height of the entire scene in pixels
new_width (float) – The new width of the entire scene in pixels

resize_frame_shape(fixed_dimension=0)[source]#

Changes frame_shape to match the aspect ratio of the pixels, where fixed_dimension determines whether frame_height or frame_width remains fixed while the other changes accordingly.

Parameters: fixed_dimension (int) – If 0, height is scaled with respect to width else, width is scaled with respect to height.

set_background(pixel_array, convert_from_floats=False)[source]#

Sets the background to the passed pixel_array after converting to valid RGB values.

Parameters

pixel_array (np.ndarray | list | tuple) – The pixel array to set the background to.
convert_from_floats (bool) – Whether or not to convert floats values to proper RGB valid ones, by default False

set_background_from_func(coords_to_colors_func)[source]#

Sets the background to a pixel array using coords_to_colors_func to determine each pixel’s color. Each input pixel’s color. Each input to coords_to_colors_func is an (x, y) pair in space (in ordinary space coordinates; not pixel coordinates), and each output is expected to be an RGBA array of 4 floats.

Parameters: coords_to_colors_func (Callable[[ndarray], ndarray]) – The function whose input is an (x,y) pair of coordinates and whose return values must be the colors for that point

set_cairo_context_color(ctx, rgbas, vmobject)[source]#

Sets the color of the cairo context

Parameters

ctx (Context) – The cairo context
rgbas (ndarray) – The RGBA array with which to color the context.
vmobject (VMobject) – The VMobject with which to set the color.

Returns

The camera object

Return type

Camera

set_cairo_context_path(ctx, vmobject)[source]#

Sets a path for the cairo context with the vmobject passed

Parameters

ctx (Context) – The cairo context
vmobject (VMobject) – The VMobject

Returns

Camera object after setting cairo_context_path

Return type

Camera

set_pixel_array(pixel_array, convert_from_floats=False)[source]#

Sets the pixel array of the camera to the passed pixel array.

Parameters

pixel_array (np.ndarray | list | tuple) – The pixel array to convert and then set as the camera’s pixel array.
convert_from_floats (bool) – Whether or not to convert float values to proper RGB values, by default False

thickened_coordinates(pixel_coords, thickness)[source]#

Returns thickened coordinates for a passed array of pixel coords and a thickness to thicken by.

Parameters

pixel_coords (ndarray) – Pixel coordinates
thickness (float) – Thickness

Returns

Array of thickened pixel coords.

Return type

np.array

type_or_raise(mobject)[source]#

Return the type of mobject, if it is a type that can be rendered.

If mobject is an instance of a class that inherits from a class that can be rendered, return the super class. For example, an instance of a Square is also an instance of VMobject, and these can be rendered. Therefore, type_or_raise(Square()) returns True.

Parameters: mobject (Mobject) – The object to take the type of.

Notes

For a list of classes that can currently be rendered, see display_funcs().

Returns: The type of mobjects, if it can be rendered.
Return type: Type[Mobject]
Raises: TypeError – When mobject is not an instance of a class that can be rendered.
Parameters: mobject (Mobject) –